- Understanding Innovative / Innovation
Education
Innovation comes from the Latin word, which means renewal and
Innovation of fruits. Innovation is a new change that leads towards improving
other or different from the previous one, which was done on purpose and plan
(not by chance alone).
Ibrahim (1988) suggested that educational innovation
is innovation in the field of education or innovation to solve the problems of
education. Thus, educational innovation is an idea, goods, method, suggested or
observed as a novelty for the results of a person or group of people (society),
either the result of the inverse (new discovery) or discovery (newly discovered
people), which is used to achieve educational purposes, or to solve the problems
of education.
Similarly Ansyar, Nurtain (1991) suggested innovation is
ideas, actions, or a new one in a particular social context to address the
problem.
He also explained that it might be something new has long been
recognized in the context of other social or something that has long been
recognized, but has not made the change. Thus, we can conclude that innovation
is change, but not all change is innovation.
Renewal (innovation) is required
not only in the field of technology, remains ijuga in all fields, including
education pendidikan. pembaruan applied in various levels of education as well
as in each component of the education system.
As educators, we need to
know and be able to apply innovations in order to develop a conducive learning
process so as to obtain maximum results.
The progress of an educational
institution is very influential on the output so that it would appear that the
real recognition of students, parents and the community. However , schools /
educational institutions will not achieve the real recognition when the school
community is not doing an innovation in it with the background strengths,
weaknesses challenges and obstacles.
According to Santoso (1974), the main
goal is innovation, which is increasing the sources of power, money and
facilities, including the structure and procedures of the
organization.
Purpose of Education Innovation
The purpose of education is
to improve the efficiency of innovation, relevance, quality and effectiveness:
the means and the maximum amount of education (according to the criteria of the
needs of learners, communities, and pembangunana), using sources, tenga, money,
tools, and time in the amount sekecil- small.
Step by step towards the
goal of educational innovation Indonesia:
Teaching lag-lag generated by
the advances of science and technology so that more and more education in
Indonesia is running sejajara with kemjuan.
Ensuring the implementation of
school and outside of school education for every citizen. For example ,
increasing the capacity of elementary school age, secondary schools and
universities.
Figure 1 . 1 Enthusiastic Student Learning with Innovative
Learning Model
Innovative Learning Model
Here is an
innovative learning models, namely:
A. Model of Non Examples
Examples
Examples can be from Case / Images Relevant to Basic
Competence
Steps:
Teachers prepare the drawings in accordance with the
purpose of learning.
Teachers gluing pictures on the board or presented on
OHP / In Focus.
Teacher gives instructions and provide opportunities for
students to observe / analyze the images.
Through discussion groups of 2-3
students, the results of the discussion of the analysis of the images recorded
on paper.
Each group is given the opportunity to read the results of their
discussion.
Start of comment / discussion results of students, teachers begin
to explain the material to the purpose to be
achieved.
Conclusion.
B. Picture And
Picture
Steps:
Teachers convey competence to be
achieved.
Presenting the material as an introduction.
Teacher shows / show
images of activity relating to the material
Teacher pointing / call students
alternately install / sort images into logical order.
The teacher asks the
reason / rationale of the image sequence.
Of reasons / sequence of images of
the teacher start menamkan concepts / materials in accordance with the
competencies to be achieved.
Conclusion / summary.
C. Numbered
Heads Together
Steps:
Students are divided into groups, each student in
each group is given a number.
Teachers give assignments and each group
do.
The group discussed the correct answers and ensure that each member of
the group can do / know the answer.
Teachers call one of the numbers of
students who called to report the results of their cooperation.
The response
from another friend, and then the teacher pointed to another
number.
Conclusion.
D. Cooperative Script
Method of learning in
which students work in pairs and take turns orally summarizing, portions of the
material being studied
Steps:
The teacher divides the students to pair
up.
Teacher gives discourse / materials for each student to read and make a
summary.
Teachers and students first establish who serves as the speaker and
who acts as a listener.
Speakers read the summary as complete as possible, by
incorporating the main ideas in summary. While listeners: (a) Listening /
correcting / show the main ideas are sketchy; (b) Assist remember / memorize the
main ideas by connecting previous material or any other material.
Exchanging
the role, initially as a speaker and a listener convertible into reverse. As
well done as above.
Conclusions students together with
teachers.
Cover.
E. The Numbered Head
Structure
Steps:
Students are divided into groups, each student in each
group is given a number.
The assignment given to each student based on the
task sequential nomorkan. For example: students are assigned to record the
number one problem. Student number two students work on the problems and report
the results of the job number three and so on.
If necessary, the teacher can
tell the cooperation between groups. Students were told to get out of the group
and join some of the same number of students from other groups. On this occasion
the students with the same task can help each other or match the result of their
cooperation.
Report results and feedback from the other
group.
Conclusion.
F. Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (Stad) /
Student Team Achievement Group (Slavin, 1995)
Steps:
Forming a group
whose members = 4 in heterogeneous (mixed according to achievement, gender,
ethnicity, etc . ).
The teacher presents a lesson.
The teacher gives the
task to the group to be done by members of the group. Its members know to
explain to other members until all members of the group understand.
The
teacher gives a quiz / questions to the students. At the time of answering the
quiz should not help each other.
Giving
evaluation.
Conclusion.
G. Jigsaw (Expert Team Model) / (Aronson,
Blaney, Stephen, Sikes, And Snapp, 1978)
Steps:
Students are grouped into
four team members.
Each person on the team was given a different
material.
Each person in the team is given a part of the material
assigned.
Members from different teams who have studied part / section in the
same meeting a new group (group of experts) to discuss their section.
After
completion of the discussion as each member of the team of experts return to the
original group and take turns teaching their teammates about the section they
control and each of the other members listen intently.
Each team of experts
presented the results of the discussion.
Teacher gives
evaluation.
Cover.
H. Problem Based Introductuon (PBI) / (Problem
Based Learning)
Steps:
The teacher explains the purpose of learning.
Explaining the logistics required. Motivating students engage in problem solving
activities selected.
Teachers help students learn to define and organize the
tasks related to the issue (set of topics, tasks, schedules, etc .
).
Teachers encourage students to gather the appropriate information, the
experiment to get an explanation and problem solving, data collection,
hypothesis, problem solving.
Teachers assist students in preparing a work
plan that is appropriate such as reports and help them share the duties with his
friend.
Teachers help students to reflect on or evaluation of their
investigation and the processes they use.
I.
Articulation
Steps:
Delivering the learning objectives to be
achieved.
The teacher presents the material as usual.
To determine the
absorption capacity of students, form a group in pairs of two.
Suruhlan one
of the couple tells the new material received from the teacher and his partner
heard while making little notes, then switch roles. So did the other
groups.
Tell students to take turns / encrypted convey the results of
interviews with friends partner. Until the majority of students have submitted
the results of the interview.
The teacher repeated / reiterated that if the
material is not yet understood students.
Conclusion / cover.
J.
Mind Mapping
Very good for students' prior knowledge or to find alternative
answers
Steps:
Teachers convey competence to be achieved.
Teachers
express concepts / issues to be addressed by the student / problems should have
alternative answers.
Forming a group whose members are 2-3 people.
Each
group inventory / record the results of the discussion of alternative
answers.
Each group (or a specific group randomized) read the results of the
discussion and the teacher notes on the board and grouped according to the needs
of teachers.
From the data on the board students are asked to make inferences
or teacher gives a comparison according to the concept provided by the
teacher.
K. Make - A Match (for Couples) (Lorna Curran,
1994)
Steps:
Teachers prepare some cards containing multiple concepts or
topics that are suitable for the review session, otherwise the part about the
card and other parts of the answer card.
Each student gets a single
card.
Each student is thinking of an answer / question of the cards are
held.
Each student is looking for a partner who has a card that matches the
card (answer questions).
Any student who can match his cards before the
deadline given points.
After one round of cards shuffled again so that each
student gets a different card than before.
And so on.
Conclusion /
cover.
L. And Think Pair Share (Frank Lyman,
1985)
Steps:
Teachers deliver the core material and the
competency
Students are asked to think about the material / problems
submitted by teachers
Students are asked to pair up with a friend next to it
(group 2) and express the ideas of each
Teacher led small plenary discussion,
each group put forward the results of their discussions
Starting from
activities tersebutmengarahkan talks on the subject matter and add material that
the student has not diuangkapkan
Teacher gives
conclusions
cover
M. Debate
Steps:
The teacher divides the
two groups of participants debate the pros and cons of any others.
The
teacher gives an assignment to read materiyang be debated by the two groups
above.
After reading the material. The teacher pointed to one of the members
of the pro to speak when it responded to or returned by the counter so forth
until most students can express their opinions.
While students expressed the
idea of teachers writing teachers write core / ideas of every conversation on
the board. Until a number of ideas that teachers are expected to be
fulfilled.
She added concepts / ideas that have not been revealed.
From
the data available on the board, the teacher invites students to make a
conclusion / summary refers to the topics to be achieved.